Fig. 4
From: RETRACTED ARTICLE: Brain injury following cardiac arrest: pathophysiology for neurocritical care
Mitochondrial permeability transition and ischemic brain damage. Various forms of stress, such as brain ischemia, hypoxia, traumatic brain injury, status epilepticus, and encephalitis, induce mitochondrial dysfunction and the MPT that lead to apoptosis or necrosis. Calcineurin and immunophilin (CypD) are the key factors that induce the apoptotic pathway, and the immunosuppressants CsA and FK506 exert their neuroprotection by the inhibition of calcineurin and CypD activity