Fig. 5

Data summary of absolute effects on all-cause hospital mortality, long-term mortality, and incidence of pneumonia overall and by FI definitions. Effects of FI and non-FI changed together in pairs with the different definitions of FI. Absolute effects of the FI in excess of non-FI were estimated overall or across 18 different FI definitions via a random-effect meta-analysis of rates. This pooled effect represents how many more patients with poor outcomes can expect to occur due to FI. *Axis starting point is -200 per 1000 events. FI feeding intolerance, GIS gastrointestinal symptoms, GRV gastric residual volume, EF enteral feeding, No. number, CI confidence interval