Table 5 Medications, adverse effects, and clinical outcomes of patients with NIV intolerance

Duration of NIV, h

47 (35, 72)

49 (36, 72)

45 (31, 71)

0.163

Dosage of sedatives

 Minimum infusion dose, μg/kg/min

–

0.03 (0.02, 0.04)

–

 Minimum infusion dose, μg/kg/h

–

0.21 (0.12, 0.39)

–

 Maximum infusion dose, μg/kg/min

–

0.05 (0.05, 0.06)

–

 Maximum infusion dose, μg/kg/h

–

0.50 (0.45, 0.55)

–

 Total daily dose (mg)

  0–24 h

–

2.24 (0.68, 4.00)

0.45 (0.34, 0.68)

–

  24–48 h

–

0.58 (0.08, 2.00)

0.10 (0.02, 0.38)

–

  48–72 h

–

0.8 (0.00, 2.00)

0.19 (0.00, 0.33)

–

Adverse effects

 Vomiting

0

–

 Chest wall rigidity

0

–

 Bradycardia

0

3

–

 Severe hypotension

0

6

–

NIV failure, n (%)

12 (6.70)

5 (5.6)

7 (7.8)

0.564

In-hospital reintubation, n (%)

16 (8.94)

7 (7.87)

9 (10.00)

0.617

Tracheostomy, n (%)

1 (0.56)

1 (1.12)

0 (0.00)

0.313

 ICU LOS, d

7.6 (5.5, 10.7)

7.7 (5.8, 12)

7.0 (5, 10.6)

0.219

ICU events

21 (11.73)

9 (10.11)

12 (13.33)

0.503

 BSI, n (%)

2 (22.2)

1 (8.3)

 Pneumonia, n (%)

6 (66.7)

5 (41.7)

 CRRT, n (%)

1 (11.1)

5 (41.7)

 Cerebrovascular events, n (%)

0 (0.00)

1 (8.3)

In-hospital mortality

3 (1.68)

1 (1.12)

2 (2.22)

0.567

 Delirium developed within 1 week after 72 h of sedation

2 (1.12)

1 (1.12)

1 (1.11)

0.994