Table 5 Multivariable analyses for factors associated with composite unfavorable outcomes and death (n = 29,362)
From: Early predictors of unfavorable outcomes in pediatric acute respiratory failure
Variables | Unfavorable outcomes | In-hospital death | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Odds ratio (95% CI) | p | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p | |||
Age | ||||||
< 1 year | Reference | Reference | ||||
1–5 years | 1.33 | (1.13–1.56) | < 0.01 | 1.28 | (0.98–1.67) | 0.07 |
6–19 years | 1.50 | (1.28–1.75) | < 0.01 | 1.10 | (0.81–1.49) | 0.55 |
Underlying conditions | 2.69 | (2.41–2.99) | < 0.01 | 2.02 | (1.61–2.53) | < 0.01 |
Diagnostic category | ||||||
Bronchiolitis | Reference | Reference | ||||
Pneumonia | 1.97 | (1.72–2.25) | < 0.01 | 2.41 | (1.70–3.41) | < 0.01 |
Asthma | 0.89 | (0.69–1.14) | 0.35 | 0.96 | (0.54–1.69) | 0.88 |
Others | 0.68 | (0.43–1.08) | 0.11 | 0.65 | (0.23–1.78) | 0.40 |
Pathogen | ||||||
Viral | Reference | Reference | ||||
Bacterial | 1.15 | (0.94–1.41) | 0.17 | 1.12 | (0.78–1.61) | 0.55 |
Aspiration | 0.86 | (0.60–1.23) | 0.41 | 0.71 | (0.29–1.75) | 0.46 |
COVID-19 | 1.00 | (0.39–2.51) | 0.99 | 1.67 | (0.31–9.07) | 0.55 |
No detection | 1.68 | (1.46–1.93) | < 0.01 | 1.70 | (1.28–2.28) | < 0.01 |
Organ dysfunction on admission | ||||||
Impaired consciousness | ||||||
No-mild | Reference | Reference | ||||
Moderate | 1.18 | (0.96–1.44) | 0.11 | 2.02 | (1.36–2.99) | < 0.01 |
Severe | 1.02 | (0.89–1.17) | 0.76 | 2.33 | (1.80–3.00) | < 0.01 |
Acute liver failure | 2.85 | (0.60–13.44) | 0.19 | 1.45 | (0.32–6.51) | 0.63 |
Thrombocytopenia/coagulopathy | 1.97 | (1.78–3.31) | < 0.01 | 2.50 | (1.48–4.25) | < 0.01 |
Therapies within 3 days of admission | ||||||
Invasive ventilation | 1.43 | (1.21–1.69) | < 0.01 | 3.45 | (1.97–6.06) | < 0.01 |
Renal replacement therapy | 2.20 | (1.28–3.78) | < 0.01 | 3.40 | (1.70–6.48) | < 0.01 |
ECMO | 1.06 | (0.55–2.03) | 0.87 | 0.60 | (0.25–1.42) | 0.25 |
Surgery | 3.83 | (2.27–6.44) | < 0.01 | 0.83 | (0.23–2.98) | 0.77 |
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation | 12.87 | (9.64–17.18) | < 0.01 | 23.14 | (16.93–31.62) | < 0.01 |
Vasoactive drug | 2.61 | (2.23–3.07) | < 0.01 | 9.25 | (7.17–11.93) | < 0.01 |
Corticosteroid | 1.01 | (0.91–1.13) | 0.81 | 0.82 | (0.65–1.05) | 0.12 |
Transported from other hospitals | 1.15 | (1.00–1.32) | 0.05 | 1.05 | (0.82–1.36) | 0.69 |
Admitted to accredited ICUs | 1.59 | (1.39–1.81) | < 0.01 | 0.63 | (0.48–0.82) | < 0.01 |
Hospital volume | ||||||
1–58 | 1.47 | (1.14–1.91) | < 0.01 | 2.63 | (1.97–3.51) | < 0.01 |
59–144 | 1.21 | (0.93–1.81) | 0.16 | 1.90 | (1.40–2.58) | < 0.01 |
145–752 | Reference | Reference | ||||