Table 2 Baseline characteristics and their association with awakening on day 28

At ICU admission

n = 584

n = 411

Age, median [IQR]

68.9 [58.8–78]

66.6 [55.8–76.2]

Male sex, n (%)

382 (65.4)

254 (61.8)

Comorbidities, n (%)

   Chronic liver disease, n (%)

64 (11)

31 (7.5)

   Chronic heart disease, n (%)

128 (21.9)

66 (16.1)

   Chronic respiratory disease, n (%)

93 (15.9)

57 (13.9)

   Chronic kidney disease, n (%)

56 (9.6)

23 (5.6)

   Immunosuppression, n (%)

134 (22.9)

65 (15.8)

   Alcoholism, n (%)

146 (25)

125 (30.4)

 Smoking, n (%)

5 (0.9)

9 (2.2)

 SAPS II, median [IQR]

72 [59–84]

61 [51–73]

 SOFA, median [IQR]

12 [9–14]

10 [8–12]

Glasgow score, n (%)

   3–8

401 (68.7)

248 (60.3)

   9–12

144 (24.7)

123 (29.9)

   13

39 (6.7)

40 (9.7)

Medical admission, n (%)

433 (74.1)

265 (64.5)

Septic shock, n (%)

570 (97.6)

393 (95.6)

Early systemic insults within the first 48 h

 Glycemia

    Hypoglycemia (< 3 mmol/l), n (%)

50 (8.8)

13 (3.3)

    Hyperglycemia (> 11 mmol/l), n (%)

200 (35.1)

133 (33.3)

 Blood pressure

    Hypotension (DBP < 50 mmHg), n (%)

479 (82)

324 (78.8)

 Temperature

    Hypothermia (T°C < 36 °C), n (%)

222 (38)

139 (33.8)

    Hyperthermia (T°C ≥ 38.3 °C), n (%)

303 (51.9)

209 (50.9)

 Anemia

    Hematocrit < 21%, n (%)

121 (20.8)

54 (13.2)

 Natremia

    Hyponatremia (< 135 mmol/l), n (%)

203 (34.8)

147 (35.8)

    Hypernatremia (> 145 mmol/l), n (%)

103 (17.7)

61 (14.8)

 Oxygenation

    Hypoxemia (PaO₂ < 60 mmHg), n (%)

76 (13)

50 (12.2)

    Hyperoxia (PaO₂ > 200 mmHg), n (%)

113 (19.3)

88 (21.4)

 Capnia

    Hypocapnia (PaCO₂ < 35 mmHg), n (%)

182 (31.2)

133 (32.4)

    Hypercapnia (PaCO₂ > 45 mmHg), n (%)

284 (48.7)

213 (51.8)