Table 1 Characteristics and outcomes of participants stratified by EPO status
Categories | T1 (N = 89) | T2 (N = 89) | T3 (N = 89) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 72.00 (55.00–79.00) | 68.00 (56.00–74.00) | 63.00 (53.00–77.00) | 0.222 |
Gender (male) | 60 (67.42%) | 56 (62.92%) | 58 (65.17%) | 0.820 |
Comorbidities | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Stroke | 31 (34.83%) | 26 (29.21%) | 18 (20.22%) | 0.091 |
Heart disease | 16 (17.98%) | 11 (12.50%) | 13 (14.61%) | 0.589 |
Lung disease | 8 (8.99%) | 3 (3.37%) | 7 (7.87%) | 0.286 |
Liver disease | 10 (11.36%) | 9 (10.11%) | 15 (16.85%) | 0.359 |
Malignant tumor | 13 (14.61%) | 14 (15.73%) | 23 (25.84%) | 0.107 |
CKD | 15 (16.85%) | 7 (7.87%) | 13 (14.61%) | 0.181 |
CKD classification | Â | Â | Â | 0.370 |
  1 | 3 (3.37%) | 4 (4.49%) | 3 (3.37%) |  |
  2 | 6 (6.74%) | 2 (2.25%) | 4 (4.49%) |  |
  3 | 6 (6.74%) | 1 (1.12%) | 6 (6.74%) |  |
Hypertension | 57 (64.04%) | 40 (44.94%) | 29 (32.58%) | <0.001 |
Diabetes | 27 (30.34%) | 20 (22.47%) | 23 (25.84%) | 0.489 |
Septic shock | 9 (10.11%) | 20 (22.47%) | 38 (42.70%) | <0.001 |
Types of infections | Â | Â | Â | 0.918 |
Respiratory infections | 61 (68.54%) | 57 (64.04%) | 58 (65.17%) | Â |
Abdominal infections | 16 (17.98%) | 14 (15.73%) | 15 (16.85%) | Â |
Urinary tract infections | 6 (6.74%) | 8 (8.99%) | 9 (10.11%) | Â |
Other infections | 6 (6.74%) | 10 (11.24%) | 7 (7.87%) | Â |
aCCI | 6.00 (4.00–7.00) | 5.00 (4.00–7.00) | 6.00 (3.00–8.00) | 0.375 |
SOFA | 6.00 (4.00–9.00) | 6.00 (4.00–9.00) | 9.00 (6.00–13.00) | <0.001 |
EPO (mIU/ml) | 10.53 (5.88–12.77) | 28.07 (21.96–35.18) | 128.34 (79.96–371.43) | <0.001 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 115.30 ± 21.47 | 105.18 ± 19.82 | 90.83 ± 21.91 | <0.001 |
WBC (*109/L) | 10.15 (8.26–13.15) | 12.30 (9.07–15.67) | 11.29 (8.68–16.99) | 0.074 |
RBC | 3.83 ± 0.80 | 3.43 ± 0.65 | 3.04 ± 0.78 | <0.001 |
MCV (fL) | 92.00 (89.90–94.80) | 93.10 (89.20–95.90) | 91.00 (87.10–95.50) | 0.136 |
RDW (%) | 13.30 (12.80–14.30) | 13.60 (12.60–14.60) | 14.20 (13.10–15.80) | 0.001 |
CRP (mg/L) | 108.32 (53.10–196.13) | 101.52 (50.24–177.11) | 106.22 (45.92–170.00) | 0.777 |
PCT (ng/ml) | 1.53 (0.34–6.35) | 1.06 (0.28–8.31) | 3.44 (0.47–13.78) | 0.066 |
Lactate (mmol/L) | 1.40 (1.10–1.70) | 1.40 (1.10–2.00) | 2.00 (1.28–3.60) | <0.001 |
PH | 7.40 (7.36–7.45) | 7.42 (7.38–7.44) | 7.41 (7.36–7.45) | 0.612 |
Oxygenation index (mmHg) | 241.52 (176.89–293.03) | 260.00 (193.00–321.21) | 239.67 (153.20–320.61) | 0.567 |
Glucose (mmol/L) | 7.53 (6.17–10.71) | 7.12 (5.85–8.61) | 7.71 (6.44–9.65) | 0.387 |
ALT | 21.00 (14.00–53.00) | 21.00 (14.00–41.00) | 41.00 (18.00–97.00) | 0.002 |
Albumin (g/L) | 30.27 ± 3.64 | 30.03 ± 4.46 | 29.23 ± 4.23 | 0.210 |
Total bilirubin | 16.10 (10.10–23.90) | 15.40 (11.30–21.80) | 22.00 (12.80–49.30) | 0.002 |
Creatinine (μmol/L) | 84.50 (64.00–142.70) | 82.30 (56.40–120.00) | 93.50 (67.90–202.80) | 0.067 |
Sodium (mmol/L) | 141.50 (138.70–144.30) | 141.00 (138.70–144.20) | 143.00 (139.00–146.40) | 0.185 |
Potassium (mmol/L) | 3.80 (3.58–4.13) | 3.73 (3.57–4.10) | 4.05 (3.59–4.48) | 0.009 |
Phosphorus (mmol/L) | 0.94 (0.72–1.14) | 0.86 (0.66–1.13) | 0.98 (0.65–1.42) | 0.215 |
Event | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Hospital-mortality | 19 (21.59%) | 27 (30.34%) | 37 (41.57%) | 0.016 |
28-Day mortality | 8 (8.99%) | 17 (19.10%) | 37 (41.57%) | <0.001 |
LOS ICU days(days) | 6.00 (3.25–12.00) | 7.00 (3.00–16.00) | 6.00 (2.75–13.00) | 0.599 |
LOS hospital, days (days) | 21.00 (13.00–33.00) | 18.00 (12.00–37.00) | 19.00 (9.00–30.00) | 0.181 |
ICU free days(days) | 22.00 (13.00–24.00) | 19.00 (0.00–25.00) | 10.00 (0.00–22.00) | <0.001 |
Hospital free days(days) | 3.00 (0.00–12.00) | 0.00 (0.00–13.00) | 0.00 (0.00–4.00) | 0.002 |