Table 1 Patient characteristics
Characteristics | Overall patients | Before overlap weighting | After overlap weighting | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IVF ≥ 3500 mL/day | IVF < 3500 mL/day | ASD | IVF ≥ 3500 mL/day | IVF < 3500 mL/day | ASD | |||||||
Age, years, mean (SD) | 66.8 | (17.5) | 61.1 | (17.7) | 69.5 | (16.7) | 0.49 | (17.2) | (18.1) | 0.03 | ||
Age, years, Median (IQR) | 71 | (56, 80) | 64 | (49, 76) | 73 | (60,82) | ||||||
Male, n (%) | 3512 | (65.1) | 1218 | (72.6) | 2294 | (61.7) | 0.23 | (30.3) | (31.4) | 0.02 | ||
Body mass index, kg/cm2, n (%) | 0.21 | 0.04 | ||||||||||
< 18.5 | 710 | (13.2) | 168 | (11.4) | 542 | (16.7) | (13.1) | (13.1) | ||||
18.5–24.9 | 2729 | (50.6) | 843 | (57.1) | 1886 | (58.2) | (57.5) | (58.9) | ||||
25.0–29.9 | 982 | (18.2) | 334 | (22.6) | 648 | (20.0) | (21.7) | (21.0) | ||||
≥ 30.0 | 296 | (5.5) | 131 | (8.9) | 165 | (5.1) | (7.8) | (7.0) | ||||
Missing | 675 | (12.5) | 201 | (12.0) | 474 | (12.8) | ||||||
Japanese Coma Scale, n (%) | 0.13 | 0.03 | ||||||||||
0 (alert) | 2168 | (40.2) | 658 | (39.2) | 1510 | (40.6) | (41.0) | (39.7) | ||||
1-digit (dizziness) | 2440 | (45.3) | 738 | (44.0) | 1702 | (45.8) | (44.6) | (45.8) | ||||
2-digit (somnolence) | 519 | (9.6) | 165 | (9.8) | 354 | (9.5) | (9.1) | (9.6) | ||||
3-digit (coma) | 265 | (4.9) | 116 | (6.9) | 149 | (4.0) | (5.2) | (4.9) | ||||
Charlson Comorbidity Index, n (%) | 0.17 | 0.05 | ||||||||||
0 | 3925 | (72.8) | 1297 | (77.3) | 2628 | (70.7) | (75.3) | (73.9) | ||||
1 | 332 | (6.2) | 103 | (6.1) | 229 | (6.2) | (6.6) | (6.6) | ||||
2 | 923 | (17.1) | 227 | (13.5) | 696 | (18.7) | (14.5) | (16.2) | ||||
≥ 3 | 212 | (3.9) | 50 | (3.0) | 162 | (4.4) | (3.5) | (3.3) | ||||
Tertiary hospital admission, n (%) | 4532 | (84.1) | 1269 | (75.7) | 3229 | (86.9) | 0.18 | (83.0) | (84.8) | 0.05 | ||
ICU admission, n (%) | 946 | (17.5) | 399 | (24.0) | 547 | (14.7) | 0.23 | (18.7) | (16.9) | 0.05 | ||
Drug or device use (days 1–3), n (%) | ||||||||||||
Mechanical ventilation | 323 | (6.0) | 220 | (13.1) | 103 | (2.8) | 0.38 | (6.6) | (5.9) | 0.03 | ||
High-flow nasal cannula | 11 | (0.2) | 8 | (0.5) | 3 | (0.1) | 0.08 | (0.2) | (0.2) | 0.01 | ||
Other oxygen device | 2202 | (40.8) | 827 | (49.3) | 1375 | (37.0) | 0.25 | (44.5) | (43.4) | 0.02 | ||
Hemodialysis | 549 | (10.2) | 425 | (25.3) | 124 | (3.3) | 0.66 | (9.6) | (9.0) | 0.02 | ||
Vasopressors | 337 | (6.3) | 227 | (13.5) | 110 | (3.0) | 0.39 | (6.4) | (6.1) | 0.01 | ||
Sodium bicarbonate | 313 | (5.8) | 154 | (9.2) | 159 | (4.3) | 0.20 | (6.1) | (6.6) | 0.02 | ||
Loop diuretics | 894 | (16.6) | 408 | (24.3) | 486 | (13.1) | 0.29 | (18.6) | (17.3) | 0.03 | ||
Lipid-lowering drugs | 269 | (5.0) | 45 | (2.7) | 224 | (6.0) | 0.16 | (3.6) | (3.7) | 0.00 | ||
Disease, n (%) | ||||||||||||
Infection | 737 | (13.7) | 229 | (13.7) | 508 | (13.7) | 0.00 | (12.2) | (12.7) | 0.02 | ||
Trauma | 677 | (12.6) | 201 | (12.0) | 476 | (12.8) | 0.03 | (11.8) | (12.0) | 0.01 | ||
Epilepsy | 206 | (3.8) | 67 | (4.0) | 139 | (3.7) | 0.01 | (4.1) | (4.4) | 0.01 | ||
Heatstroke | 146 | (2.7) | 53 | (3.2) | 93 | (2.5) | 0.04 | (3.0) | (2.9) | 0.00 | ||
CKD | 126 | (2.3) | 24 | (1.4) | 102 | (2.7) | 0.09 | (2.1) | (2.1) | 0.00 | ||
Hypothermia | 133 | (2.5) | 48 | (2.9) | 85 | (2.3) | 0.04 | (2.4) | (2.2) | 0.01 | ||
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome | 103 | (1.9) | 46 | (2.7) | 57 | (1.5) | 0.08 | (2.0) | (2.2) | 0.01 | ||
Hypothyroid | 50 | (0.9) | 13 | (0.8) | 37 | (1.0) | 0.02 | (0.8) | (0.8) | 0.01 | ||
Burn | 34 | (0.6) | 20 | (1.2) | 14 | (0.4) | 0.09 | (0.7) | (0.7) | 0.00 | ||
Drug intoxication | 121 | (2.2) | 52 | (3.1) | 69 | (1.9) | 0.08 | (2.8) | (2.8) | 0.00 | ||
Ethanol intoxication | 12 | (0.2) | 5 | (0.3) | 7 | (0.2) | 0.02 | (0.2) | (0.2) | 0.01 | ||
Diabetic ketoacidosis | 9 | (0.2) | 5 | (0.3) | 4 | (0.1) | 0.04 | (0.2) | (0.2) | 0.00 | ||
Severe asthma | 3 | (0.1) | 2 | (0.1) | 1 | (0.0) | 0.03 | (0.1) | (0.1) | 0.00 | ||
Maintenance fluid (days 1–3), mL, mean (SD) | 1168 | (7042) | 808 | (1453.9) | 1331 | (8423.5) | 0.09 | 838 | (1486) | 995 | (1470) | 0.06 |
Maintenance fluid (days 1–3), mL, median (IQR) | 0 | (0, 2000) | 0 | (0, 1000) | 500 | (0, 2000) | ||||||